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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Matthieu Pigasse</span></span>
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</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Matthieu Pigasse</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Pigasse in 2012</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1968-05-25</span>) </span>25 May 1968<br><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="Clichy%2C_Hauts-de-Seine" title="Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine">Clichy</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma&nbsp;mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Sciences_Po" title="Sciences Po">Sciences Po</a><br><a href="%C3%89cole_nationale_d'administration" title="École nationale d'administration">École nationale d'administration</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Investment banker, investor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Alix Etournaud</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data">Jean-Daniel Pigasse</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Jean-Paul_Pigasse" title="Jean-Paul Pigasse">Jean-Paul Pigasse</a> <small>(uncle)</small></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Matthieu Pigasse</b> (born 1968) is a French investment banker, media mogul and investor. He was <a href="Lazard" title="Lazard">Lazard's</a> Global Head of Mergers and Acquisitions and Sovereign Advisory, as well as CEO of Lazard France. He is now head of Centerview Partners in France.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div>
<p>Pigasse was born on 25 May 1968, in <a href="Clichy%2C_Hauts-de-Seine" title="Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine">Clichy</a> near Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunchwiththeft-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He grew up in <a href="Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, rural France.<sup id="cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunchwiththeft-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wsjmax_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsjmax-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, Jean-Daniel Pigasse, was a journalist for <i>La Manche libre</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunchwiththeft-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wsjmax_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsjmax-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His uncle, <a href="Jean-Paul_Pigasse" title="Jean-Paul Pigasse">Jean-Paul Pigasse</a>, is a media proprietor.
</p><p>He graduated from the <a href="Sciences_Po" title="Sciences Po">Sciences Po</a> and the <a href="%C3%89cole_nationale_d'administration" title="École nationale d'administration">École nationale d'administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunchwiththeft-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wsjmax_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsjmax-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-forbesjoshua_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbesjoshua-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_as_a_financial_advisor">Career as a financial advisor</h2></div>
<p>Matthieu Pigasse started his career in 1994 at the <a href="Tr%C3%A9sor_public" title="Trésor public">French Treasury</a> where he was in charge of the debt and cash management of the French State. He became advisor in charge of financial and industrial affairs for the <a href="Minister_of_the_Economy%2C_Finances_and_Industry_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of the Economy, Finances and Industry (France)">Ministry of the Economy, Finances and Industry</a> under Minister <a href="Dominique_Strauss-Kahn" title="Dominique Strauss-Kahn">Dominique Strauss-Kahn</a> from 1998 to 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunchwiththeft-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then served as chief of staff to Finance Minister <a href="Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Laurent Fabius</a> from 2000 to 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunchwiththeft-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Pigasse became a managing director at the investment bank <a href="Lazard" title="Lazard">Lazard</a> in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunchwiththeft-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wsjmax_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsjmax-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was appointed Global head of Sovereign Advisory in 2003, working on some of the most important sovereign debt restructurings in the last decade: Iraq, Ecuador, Argentina, Cyprus and Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-WSJWighton_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJWighton-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also one of the most active bankers in Europe in mergers &amp; acquisitions,<sup id="cite_ref-LesEchos_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LesEchos-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> advising on deals such as "the $40bn merger of Suez and Gaz de France (to become <a href="GDF_Suez" class="mw-redirect" title="GDF Suez">GDF Suez</a>) or the L’Oréal buy-back of Nestlé shares."<sup id="cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunchwiththeft-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, he advised <a href="Caisse_d'Epargne" class="mw-redirect" title="Caisse d'Epargne">Caisse d'Epargne</a> to acquire a stake in Lazard.<sup id="cite_ref-wsjmax_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsjmax-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>He was appointed CEO of Lazard France in 2009, the Vice Chairman of Lazard Europe in 2011 and Global head of Mergers &amp; Acquisitions at Lazard in April 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-wsjmax_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsjmax-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>He is a board member of <a href="BSkyB" class="mw-redirect" title="BSkyB">BSkyB</a>, <a href="Groupe_Lucien_Barri%C3%A8re" title="Groupe Lucien Barrière">Groupe Lucien Barrière</a> and <a href="Derichebourg" title="Derichebourg">Derichebourg</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_business">Media business</h2></div>
<p>Pigasse's family had long been involved in owning or directing media – mostly newspaper publications.
</p><p>Pigasse himself has been active in the media business, selling <a href="Newsweb" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsweb">Newsweb</a> to <a href="Arnaud_Lagard%C3%A8re" title="Arnaud Lagardère">Arnaud Lagardère</a>, advising <a href="Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Murdoch</a> about <a href="Eurosport" title="Eurosport">Eurosport</a>, helping <a href="Pink_TV_(France)" title="Pink TV (France)">Pink TV</a>, as well as offering financial support to the pure player <a href="Rue89" title="Rue89">Rue89</a>.
</p><p>Since 2010, he has also become the co-owner, along with <a href="Xavier_Niel" title="Xavier Niel">Xavier Niel</a> and <a href="Pierre_Berg%C3%A9" title="Pierre Bergé">Pierre Bergé</a>, of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i></span>, one of the main daily newspapers of France (politically, <a href="Centre-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-left">centre-left</a>), as well as owner of the weekly magazine <a href="L%E2%80%99Obs" class="mw-redirect" title="L’Obs">L’Obs</a> (since 2014).<sup id="cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunchwiththeft-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wsjmax_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsjmax-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
In October 2018, staff at <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Monde</i></span> learned that Pigasse had sold 49% of his stake in the company to Czech businessman <a href="Daniel_K%C5%99et%C3%ADnsk%C3%BD" title="Daniel Křetínský">Daniel Křetínský</a>. <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Monde</i></span>'s Independency Group, a minority shareholder that aims to protect the paper's <a href="Editorial_independence" title="Editorial independence">editorial independence</a>, had not been informed of the sale, and asked Pigasse and Křetínský to sign an "approval agreement" that would give the Independency Group the right to approve or reject any controlling shareholder. As of September&nbsp;2019, they had not done so.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Through his personal holding company LNEI, he acquired the music magazine <i><a href="Les_Inrockuptibles" title="Les Inrockuptibles">Les Inrockuptibles</a></i> in 2009 and <i><a href="Radio_Nova_(France)" title="Radio Nova (France)">Radio Nova</a></i> in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-wsjmax_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsjmax-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also a shareholder in the French version of the <i><a href="Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i>, Melty Group and <i><a href="Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a></i> France.
</p><p>In 2015, he was appointed chairman of les <a href="Eurock%C3%A9ennes" title="Eurockéennes">Eurockéennes</a> in <a href="Belfort" title="Belfort">Belfort</a>, one of the largest rock festivals in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-EstRepublicain_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EstRepublicain-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
In 2016, he raised €250 million with Xavier Niel and Pierre-Antoine Capton to found <a href="Mediawan" title="Mediawan">Mediawan</a>, a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC), with the ambition to become one of the largest media content and entertainment platforms in Europe.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div>

<p>A long-time <a href="Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> member, he distanced himself from <a href="Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a>'s policies in 2014 through his third book <i>Éloge de l’anormalité</i>, in which he criticizes the inability of the elites globally to address the crisis and the systematic use of austerity measures.<sup id="cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunchwiththeft-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In May 2011, he organized a free concert in honor of the 30th anniversary of the election of President <a href="Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wsjmax_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsjmax-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div>
<p>He is married to Alix Etournaud,<sup id="cite_ref-whoswhoalixetournaud_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswhoalixetournaud-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a journalist and writer, together they have three children. In 2011 she wrote an <a href="Autofiction" title="Autofiction">autofiction</a> book about her husband's affair with the journalist <a href="Marie_Drucker" title="Marie Drucker">Marie Drucker</a> while she was pregnant with their third child.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 2011, his wealth is estimated at several several tens of millions of euros.<sup id="cite_ref-commentlemondefutvendu_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commentlemondefutvendu-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While he did not own a house or car back in 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-forbesjoshua_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbesjoshua-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2018 it was confirmed that he was the owner of two houses, one in <a href="Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a> and another one in <a href="Les_Mesnuls" title="Les Mesnuls">Mesnuls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Atypical in the banking landscape, Pigasse is a player of video games such as <i><a href="Mario_Party" title="Mario Party">Mario Party</a></i>, <i><a href="Mario_Kart" title="Mario Kart">Mario Kart</a></i> and <i><a href="Assassin%E2%80%99s_Creed" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassin’s Creed">Assassin’s Creed</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunchwiththeft-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also known to be a fan of <a href="Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wsjmax_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsjmax-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>
<ul><li><i>Le Monde d'après, une crise sans précédent</i> (with Gilles Finchelstein, Paris: Plon, 2009).</li>
<li><i>Révolutions</i> (Paris: Plon, 2012).</li>
<li><i>Éloge de l’anormalité</i> (Paris: Plon, 2014).</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</style><cite id="CITEREFBarzicBarbaglia2020" class="citation news cs1">Barzic, Gwénaëlle; Barbaglia, Pamela (8 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/ColinMoreshead/status/1345808364610138112">"Centerview turns to Matthieu Pigasse to lead new Paris hub"</a>. Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-lunchwiththeft-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lunchwiththeft_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Stothard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b979fab2-e0d1-11e3-a934-00144feabdc0.html">Lunch with the FT: Matthieu Pigasse</a>, <i>Financial Times</i>, 23 May 2014</span>
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<li id="cite_note-wsjmax-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wsjmax_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsjmax_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsjmax_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsjmax_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsjmax_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsjmax_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsjmax_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsjmax_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsjmax_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsjmax_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Max Colchester, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204397704577074140930329590">Athens Calling -- Banker Rocks EU</a>, <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>, 5 December 2011</span>
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<li id="cite_note-forbesjoshua-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-forbesjoshua_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-forbesjoshua_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Joshua Levine, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/forbes-life-magazine/2011/0509/life-in-full-lazard-france-casbah-le-monde-matthieu-pigasse.html">Matthieu Pigasse</a>, <i>Forbes</i>, 5 April 2011</span>
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<li id="cite_note-WSJWighton-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WSJWighton_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Wighton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-lazard-banker-shaping-greece-and-ukraines-financial-fate-1423067028">The Lazard Banker Shaping Greece's and Ukraine's Financial Fate</a>, <i><a href="Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i>, 4 February 2015</span>
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<li id="cite_note-LesEchos-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LesEchos_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Wighton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lesechos.fr/11/01/2015/lesechos.fr/0204072387473_m-a---les-banquiers-francais-conquierent-le-classement-europeen.htm">M&amp;A&nbsp;: les banquiers français conquièrent le classement européen</a>, <i><a href="Les_%C3%89chos_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Échos (France)">Les Echos</a></i>, 11 January 2015</span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWillsher2019" class="citation news cs1">Willsher, Kim (10 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/10/le-monde-journalists-warn-of-threat-to-editorial-independence">"Le Monde journalists warn of threat to editorial independence"</a>. <i><a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2019/09/10/we-le-monde-journalists_5508610_3236.html">"" We, "Le Monde" journalists... ""</a>. <i><a href="Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>. 10 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-EstRepublicain-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EstRepublicain_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Xavier Frère, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estrepublicain.fr/edition-belfort-hericourt-montbeliard/2015/07/01/matthieu-pigasse-nomme-president-des-eurockeennes-de-belfort-je-suis-tombe-amoureux-de-ce-festival">Exclusive interview: I've fallen in love with this festival</a>, <i><a href="L'Est_R%C3%A9publicain" title="L'Est Républicain">L'Est Républicain</a></i>, 5 July 2015</span>
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<li id="cite_note-whoswhoalixetournaud-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whoswhoalixetournaud_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whoswho.fr/bio/pigasse-matthieu_45396">"Biographie Matthieu Pigasse"</a>. <i><a href="Who's_Who" title="Who's Who">Who's Who</a></i>.</cite>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sophie des Déserts, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.fr/pouvoir/politique/articles/article-mag-matthieu-pigasse-dr-money-mr-cool/55517">«&nbsp;Les deux visages de Matthieu Pigasse, Dr Money &amp; Mr Cool&nbsp;»</a>, <i><a href="Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i> n°50, septembre 2017, p. 94-103.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-commentlemondefutvendu-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-commentlemondefutvendu_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2011/06/RIMBERT/20696">"Comment " Le Monde " fut vendu"</a>. <i>monde-diplomatique.fr</i>. June 2011.</cite>.</span>
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